Which phenomenon is related to the effects of torque on an aircraft during flight?

The phenomenon related to the effects of torque on an aircraft during flight is best captured by the occurrence of left or right yaw during takeoff. When a multi-engine aircraft's engine produces thrust, the rotational force generated can cause the aircraft to yaw to one side. This is particularly noticeable during takeoff and climb when maximum power settings are used. The torque effect arises from Newton's third law of motion, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Therefore, as the propeller rotates in one direction, the aircraft tends to yaw in the opposite direction.

In multi-engine operations, the pilot must be aware of this torque effect, especially if one engine fails. Without proper management of the yoke or rudder input, the aircraft may yaw toward the inoperative engine, requiring swift corrective action to maintain control. This makes understanding torque and its effects crucial for safe multi-engine flying and performance management during critical phases of flight such as takeoff.

In contrast, the other options do not directly relate to the specific effects of torque. Reduced visibility pertains to environmental conditions rather than aerodynamic forces, maintaining altitude is influenced by lift rather than yaw dynamics, and increased aerodynamic drag relates more to airspeed and configuration than to torque directly.