What should a pilot monitor closely for signs of engine failure?

Monitoring instrument readings is essential for a pilot during flight as they provide critical information about the aircraft's performance and systems status. In the context of engine failure, these readings can offer immediate insights into engine parameters such as RPM, oil pressure, temperature, and manifold pressure. A sudden change or anomaly in any of these instruments can be an early indicator of an engine malfunction.

For example, if an engine experiences a failure, the pilot may observe a drop in RPM or an unusual change in engine temperatures or pressures on the instruments. This data is crucial for the pilot to make timely decisions, such as initiating engine failure procedures or preparing for an emergency landing. Other factors, such as passenger comfort and feedback from a flight instructor, do not provide direct, actionable information regarding the status of the aircraft’s engines. Fuel efficiency, while important for overall operational planning, does not indicate imminent engine failure nor does it give real-time monitoring capability to address an emergency situation. Hence, the focus on instrument readings is paramount for ensuring flight safety and effectively managing any potential engine failure scenarios.