What is the short and soft rotation speed (Vr) in KIAS?

The short and soft rotation speed (Vr) is a critical airspeed during the takeoff phase, particularly for multi-engine aircraft. This speed is specifically designed to optimize takeoff performance on shorter runways or when the aircraft is heavily loaded.

In this case, a Vr of 65 knots indicates that at this speed, the aircraft has sufficient lift and control authority to start the takeoff rotation safely. It's a calculated value that considers factors such as aircraft weight, center of gravity, flap setting, and environmental conditions.

Selecting a rotation speed that is too low could lead to insufficient lift and potential control issues, especially in a multi-engine scenario where engine failure during takeoff adds complexity to the required performance margins. Therefore, a Vr of 65 knots provides a balanced approach to ensure safety, control, and performance efficiency during takeoff.

Higher or lower values could compromise these essentials; thus, 65 knots is determined as the optimal rotation speed.